Performance Analysis of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Brake Pads for Automotive Applications

Abstract

The automotive industry is increasingly adopting eco-friendly friction materials to replace asbestos-based brake pads. This study evaluates the performance of brake pads reinforced with kenaf and jute fibers sourced locally in Malaysia. Composite brake pads were manufactured by hot-press molding with varying fiber content (5–15 wt%). Mechanical properties such as hardness and compressive strength were tested, alongside tribological performance using a Chase friction tester. Results indicated that brake pads with 10% kenaf fiber exhibited stable friction coefficients of 0.36 and wear resistance superior to conventional commercial pads. Thermal stability analysis revealed that natural fiber composites maintained performance up to 250 °C. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed uniform fiber distribution and minimal fiber pull-out. Cost analysis demonstrated that the developed composites were economically competitive, with reduced reliance on imported asbestos substitutes. The findings suggest that natural fiber-reinforced composites present a viable, sustainable alternative for automotive braking systems.