Influence of Waste Glass Powder on the Strength and Durability of Sustainable Concrete

Abstract

The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) derived from industrial waste is an effective strategy for sustainable construction. This study investigates the effect of incorporating waste glass powder (WGP) into concrete as a partial cement replacement. Concrete mixes were prepared with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement of cement by WGP. Compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength were evaluated at curing ages of 7, 28, and 90 days. The results indicated that 20% replacement provided the optimum performance, with compressive strength improvements of up to 12% at 28 days compared to control specimens. Durability tests, including water absorption and chloride penetration, demonstrated enhanced resistance in WGP concretes, attributed to the pozzolanic reactivity of fine glass particles and pore structure refinement. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of additional calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) phases, enhancing microstructural densification. The study concludes that waste glass powder not only improves mechanical and durability properties but also reduces environmental impact, promoting circular economy practices in the construction sector.